Massive drone strikes hit Russian oil refineries and defense plants in Perm, Voronezh, Ulyanovsk, and Rostov

Massive drone attacks targeted Russian oil refineries and defense industry facilities across multiple regions overnight, with governors reporting strikes in Perm, Voronezh, Ulyanovsk, and Rostov oblasts. The Perm refinery, one of Russia's largest, was hit again after an August attack, while the Novoshakhtinsk oil plant in Rostov suspended operations. In Ulyanovsk, the Iskra plant, which produces components for Russia's military-industrial complex, was damaged. Russian officials claimed to have shot down 138 drones total, reporting 12 civilian injuries. Ukrainian President Zelensky said halting strikes on energy infrastructure is being discussed as a potential partial ceasefire, but warned Russia will face a difficult winter if attacks on Ukraine's energy grid continue.