Ukraine's strikes knock out 15 Russian oil refineries, causing $23.2 billion in damage

Ukraine's Military Intelligence reported Thursday that its airstrikes have knocked 15 of Russia's 38 major oil refineries out of operation, causing over $23.2 billion in economic damage. Only 12 refineries are running at reduced capacity, with strikes cutting Russia's processing volumes by 55.4% compared to the start of the year. Five facilities hit as of September, including the Ryazan Oil Refining Company, accounted for 33% of Russia's total volumes. The attacks have caused gas shortages in Russian regions, including annexed Crimea. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky offered to stop striking refineries if Moscow halts attacks on Ukraine's energy infrastructure, but Russia has refused, continuing drone and missile strikes on Ukrainian power facilities.