France and Italy protests: Paris and Milan clashes, arrests, and government responses

France and Italy are experiencing widespread social unrest over the cost of living, housing, and public services, with violent protests in Paris and Milan leading to mass arrests and government-imposed restrictions. French President Emmanuel Macron has announced a ban on non-union protests, while Italy has approved fuel aid to end transport blockades. In France, a day of violent riots resulted in 2,397 arrests and nearly 1,000 injured police officers, prompting criticism of insufficient police resources. Macron has accused far-left groups of trying to "bring down the Republic" and has restricted demonstrations to those organized by unions, with alternative routes to protect shops and public buildings. Italy has reinforced surveillance ahead of weekend protests, and Austria has seen 20,000 students demonstrate against university cuts. France's risk premium on ten-year bonds has exceeded 170 basis points, the highest since 2011, as borrowing costs reach levels not seen since 2002. Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni announced a 540 million euro fuel aid agreement with transport associations, leading to the lifting of roadblocks in the south. A second suspect has been detained for the Limoges town hall fire, and protests have spread to Poland over abortion rights.