India's Refining Might: How It Became a Global Fuel Supplier

India's refining capacity has positioned it as a key global fuel supplier amid the Gulf crisis, with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio calling it a "refining superpower" ahead of his visit. Around 20 Middle East refineries have been damaged, taking over 2.3 million barrels per day offline. India's installed refining capacity stands at approximately 267.1 million tonnes per annum as of April 2026, anchored by the world's largest complex at Jamnagar. Its sophisticated refineries can process diverse crude grades, including heavy Venezuelan oil, offering flexibility when geopolitical disruptions affect supply routes. India's proximity to Gulf exporters and expanded capacity since 2010 strengthen its position, though shipping costs, sanctions and commercial factors will shape outcomes. The country balances domestic fuel needs with export opportunities while Washington explores avenues for expanded energy trade.