COP31 in Antalya: Key climate terms explained

The COP31 climate conference is underway in Antalya, Turkey, bringing together parties of the UN climate convention for their 31st annual meeting to address global emissions. Key terms at the summit include the IPCC, the UN's climate panel compiling scientific evidence, and the Paris Agreement's goal to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, though the world has already warmed by 1.2 degrees. Discussions also cover climate finance, with rich countries pledged to provide $300 billion annually to developing nations starting in 2035. Other central concepts include carbon sinks like forests and oceans, negative emissions technologies, and carbon markets. The EU's CBAM carbon border tax is contentious, viewed by some as protectionism, while adaptation and "loss and damage" funding for vulnerable countries remain critical issues.