Ukraine and Russia race to build military satellite networks

Ukraine launched its first nanosatellite, Obria Nano, in late September as part of a push to build its own military satellite network and reduce reliance on SpaceX's Starlink, which has faced disruptions during the war. Kyiv has partnered with Finnish firms Nokia and ICEYE to explore a military satellite network, following Starlink speed restrictions in October that disrupted drone operations. Ukraine's dependence on Starlink has been strained by Elon Musk's unpredictable decisions, including past refusals to activate coverage in occupied areas. Russia is developing its own Rassvet satellite constellation, but has faced setbacks, with some satellites failing to reach operational altitudes. Analysts say Ukraine could pursue alternatives like stratospheric drones or ballistic missiles, though Starlink remains essential in the near term.