Sound wave interference causes music to sound out of tune

Scientists have identified the physical principles behind why music sometimes sounds "out of tune," linking dissonance to the phenomenon of "beats" created by sound wave interference. Dissonance occurs when sound frequencies deviate significantly from expected musical scales, causing unpleasant "beats" due to the interference of sound waves. This is especially noticeable when multiple instruments or voices play together. The perception of "correct" pitch is relative and influenced by musical training and cultural context. The study of dissonance, pioneered in the 19th century, reveals that certain intervals create fewer "beats" and are thus perceived as consonant.