New method predicts breast cancer recurrence using chromosomes

Researchers have made an important discovery in breast cancer care. They are using the physical properties of chromosomes to track treatment effectiveness and predict cancer recurrence earlier. This method could improve how doctors monitor patients and could lead to better outcomes. Breast cancer is a major health worry in India. One in 28 women is at risk of developing the disease. Currently, doctors check treatment effectiveness by looking at tumor size, hormone levels, and imaging scans. The new study focuses on chromosomes, which carry genetic information, to provide valuable insights on treatment success. Tatini Rakshit, an assistant professor at Shiv Nadar University, led the research. She studied the effects of valproic acid, an epigenetic modifier, on breast cancer cells. Using Atomic Force Microscopy, researchers measured the stiffness and electrical properties of chromosomes. These measurements can show whether treatment is effective before other signs appear. Dr. Rakshit emphasized that breast cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. In India, breast cancer cases reached 310,720 in 2024. Many people die from the disease due to late detection. The average five-year survival rate in India is about 66.4%, but this number varies by region. Healthcare professionals usually evaluate breast cancer treatment by considering various factors. These include tumor size, lymph node status, and hormone receptor status. Dr. Rakshit explained that combining these factors with chromosome analysis can reveal new insights into treatment outcomes. The study shows that valproic acid changes the physical properties of cancer chromosomes. This can help doctors monitor how well patients respond to treatment. Dr. Rakshit hopes to work with local hospitals to validate these findings using patient samples. This innovative research may also lead to improved personalized cancer therapies. Future advancements could integrate findings with new treatments, such as tumor treating fields therapy. This non-invasive technique uses electrical fields to slow tumor growth. Researchers are optimistic that their work will enhance breast cancer care and patient outcomes.