M23 rebels besiege Goma as tensions rise in eastern Congo

M23 rebels, supported by Rwandan forces, have besieged Goma, a key city in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, since January 26. This escalation follows months of fighting, with M23 capturing strategic locations, including the airport and national radio station. The current situation differs from the 2012 takeover, as less than 15% of M23's operations have targeted civilians since 2021. However, January 2025 has seen a rise in civilian casualties, marking it as the deadliest month since 2012. The Congolese government is under pressure, especially after the death of a military leader. Possible outcomes include negotiations for power-sharing and resource control or a military response that could escalate the conflict, potentially involving neighboring countries.