Japan researchers create transgenic cynomolgus monkeys using piggyBac

Researchers in Japan have made a significant breakthrough in genetic engineering by successfully using a nonviral method to introduce genes into cynomolgus monkeys. This achievement addresses challenges faced with traditional virus-based gene delivery methods. The study, led by Dr. Tomoyuki Tsukiyama at the Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology in Kyoto, highlights the potential of the piggyBac transposon system. This system allows for a more efficient and practical way to create genetically modified non-human primates. The findings are published in the journal Nature Communications. Genetic modification in primates has been difficult due to the limitations of conventional virus-based techniques. These methods often require specialized facilities and are restricted by the size of genes they can carry. They also do not allow for selecting modified embryos before implantation. The research team focused on alternative, nonviral methods for gene delivery. The piggyBac system provides advantages such as flexibility in gene size and better screening of embryos, increasing the chance of successful modifications. After initial tests in mice, the researchers used the piggyBac system to inject components into monkey eggs. This led to the creation of transgenic monkeys, with genes expressing fluorescent markers throughout their bodies. The study confirmed stable gene introduction across various tissues, including reproductive cells. While the gene expressions were consistent, levels varied by tissue type, indicating future work will need careful selection of gene controls. This is crucial for effectively targeting specific tissues, important for studying complex diseases. The research team plans to further develop this technology for more sophisticated genetic models and explore how genes are regulated. Their goal is to enhance understanding of diseases that cannot be adequately studied in traditional rodent models, ultimately benefiting human health research.