Virtual particles help explain subatomic interactions and natural forces

Virtual particles, a mathematical tool, are crucial for understanding subatomic particle interactions and natural forces, despite not being physically observable. These ephemeral particles accurately predict phenomena like the Casimir effect and Hawking radiation, with calculations confirmed to an astonishing 12 decimal places. While their existence is debated, virtual particles offer the most precise current method for describing fundamental forces, though alternative theories are being explored.