Understanding segmentation faults and bus errors

Programs can crash due to Segmentation Faults or Bus Errors, both indicating serious system-level issues. Segmentation Faults occur when a program accesses memory it doesn't own or tries to write to read-only memory. Bus Errors happen when a program attempts to access a physically invalid memory address. The key difference is that a Segmentation Fault involves an invalid access to a valid memory location, while a Bus Error is an access to an invalid address.