The history of artificial intelligence and its key contributors

Artificial intelligence was not created by a single person but developed over decades by numerous researchers. Key figures like Alan Turing laid theoretical foundations, while John McCarthy coined the term "Artificial Intelligence" in 1956. The field advanced through contributions like early AI programs by Newell and Simon, the first chatbot ELIZA by Joseph Weizenbaum, and the deep learning pioneers Hinton, LeCun, and Bengio. Google researchers' 2017 Transformer architecture powers modern AI chatbots. Early work by Alan Turing explored machine intelligence, and the 1956 Dartmouth Conference formally established AI as a field. Subsequent breakthroughs in neural networks and algorithms led to the AI systems used today.