Supernova catalogue hints dark energy may evolve over time

Researchers have compiled the largest-ever catalogue of 2,884 Type Ia supernovae, combining 30 years of observations, and found new evidence suggesting dark energy may change over time rather than remain constant, challenging the standard cosmological model. Led by the University of Queensland, the team reanalysed historic data using modern techniques and merged it with 2024 Dark Energy Survey results, accounting for factors like cosmic dust, galaxy mass, and gravitational lensing to create a unified framework for measuring cosmic expansion. The findings align with independent results from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, both hinting at time-varying dark energy. Researchers say this could help reconcile gravity with quantum physics, with future surveys like DEBASS expected to add more data.