Sugar-based natural deep eutectic solvent on Fe3O4 catalyzes one-pot xanthene synthesis

Researchers developed a magnetic nanocatalyst using a sugar-based natural deep eutectic solvent that enables efficient, green one-pot synthesis of xanthene derivatives under solvent-free conditions. The Fe3O4@(mannose:urea) catalyst produced xanthene derivatives in good to excellent yields of 78–98 percent within 20–60 minutes, and remained active after five reuse cycles. Starting materials are readily available and product isolation is straightforward. Xanthene compounds exhibit antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and photochemical activities. The catalyst's structure was confirmed by FT-IR, TEM, FE-SEM, EDX, elemental mapping, XRD, and TGA analyses.