Scientists prepare for potential pandemics by studying unknown pathogens

Scientists are focusing on potential future pandemics, including "disease X," a term for unknown pathogens that could emerge. The World Health Organization included this in its 2018 list of priority infectious diseases, highlighting the need for better surveillance and research. Influenza and coronaviruses are considered known threats. Influenza is a regular concern, with seasonal outbreaks and occasional pandemics, while coronaviruses, previously linked to SARS and MERS, have shown their pandemic potential, as seen with COVID-19. To prepare for unknown pathogens, experts advocate a "One Health" approach, which connects human, animal, and environmental health. This includes enhanced surveillance and testing for new viruses, aiming to reduce the risk of future outbreaks.