Scientists prepare for potential pandemics by monitoring unknown pathogens

Scientists are preparing for potential future pandemics, focusing on "disease X," a term for unknown pathogens that could cause global outbreaks. The World Health Organization included this in its priority list in 2018, highlighting the need for better surveillance. Current attention is on known threats like influenza and coronaviruses. Influenza is a regular concern, with ongoing monitoring of avian strains. Coronaviruses, previously linked to outbreaks like SARS and MERS, are also recognized as significant risks, with past research aiding rapid vaccine development for COVID-19. Efforts are expanding to include a broader view of health, considering animal and environmental factors. This "One Health" approach aims to improve surveillance for emerging pathogens and reduce the risk of diseases spilling over from animals to humans.