Russian scientists find earthworms and microorganisms break down cigarette filters

Russian scientists discovered earthworms and microorganisms help break down cigarette filters. The decomposition rate of cigarette butts depends on environmental conditions, with filters losing up to 70% mass in southern taiga and deciduous forests compared to 20% in tundra. Microscopic fungi were the primary decomposers, with worms contributing to mass loss by consuming the paper casing. Despite this natural breakdown, the plastic component of cigarette filters persists in the environment for decades, especially in colder regions. Researchers aim to find ways to accelerate the degradation of this plastic.