Researchers uncover ancient Neanderthal tar distillation oven in Gibraltar

Researchers in Gibraltar have discovered a 65,000-year-old Neanderthal tar distillation oven in Vanguard Cave. This site, part of a UNESCO World Heritage area, reveals advanced manufacturing techniques previously thought to be exclusive to modern humans. The hearth structure was designed for low-oxygen conditions, allowing Neanderthals to produce tar from resin-rich plants. Analysis showed controlled burning techniques, indicating a sophisticated understanding of fire and materials. This finding challenges the perception of Neanderthals as primitive. It highlights their cognitive abilities and cultural sophistication, demonstrating their capacity for technological innovation.