Quantum game shows exponential advantage over classical computing

Researchers have proposed a new game based on complement sampling that demonstrates an exponentially large, unconditional violation of classicality, distinguishing quantum from classical computation without relying on computational hardness assumptions. This was experimentally verified on Quantinuum System Model H2 trapped-ion quantum computers. The game achieves the largest possible separation between quantum and classical computation when inputs and outputs represent probability distribution samples. Experiments involved thousands of circuits on up to 55 qubits, with observed scores explained by systematic adoption of a quantum strategy, confirming the quantum nature of the hardware efficiently. This approach addresses limitations of prior tests, such as dependence on complexity theory assumptions, hardware noise susceptibility, and inefficient verification. The results provide scalable evidence of quantum behavior, though the article is under a Creative Commons license restricting adaptation and sharing of modified material.