Preserved ratio impaired spirometry carries higher cardiometabolic risks than COPD, with regional differences in mortality

Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is linked to higher risks of diabetes, obesity, and hypertension compared to COPD. A meta-analysis of over 343,000 individuals found PRISm was associated with significantly increased odds of these cardiometabolic conditions. No significant differences in heart failure, coronary heart disease, or overall mortality were observed between the groups, though ethnic variations in mortality were noted.