Pakistan's glacier grafting revives ancient water solution

Communities in Pakistan's Gilgit-Baltistan region are reviving the ancient indigenous practice of glacier grafting, known locally as Gang Khswa, to address water scarcity and adapt to climate change as Himalayan glaciers melt faster. The technique involves collecting ice from "male" and "female" glaciers and transporting it to new high-altitude sites, where it is layered with sawdust, coal, and apricot kernels. The process can take up to 48 hours, with ice never touching the ground, and new glaciers take about 20 years to become reliable water sources. The practice dates to the 14th century and is rooted in local tradition, including spiritual rituals and myths. The Baltistan Culture & Development Foundation received UK funding in 2025 to expand projects, though youth outmigration poses a challenge to sustaining the tradition.