First seeds evolved around 372 million years ago, marking a key development in plant reproduction

The first seeds appeared around 372 million years ago during the Famennian age, following the evolution of land plants. Fossils of early seed-bearing plants, like Elkinsia polymorpha, have been found in West Virginia, Europe, and China. Seeds evolved from spores, which are used by some plants like mosses and ferns. Unlike spores, seeds are multicellular and require fertilization from two parent plants, allowing for greater resilience and adaptability in various environments. Seeds can enter dormancy, delaying germination until conditions are favorable. This ability, along with their adaptations for long-distance travel, has contributed to the success and diversity of seed-bearing plants.