Exportin-1 enhances gene transcription, impacting cancer therapies

Researchers at Northwestern University have discovered a new role for a protein called Exportin-1, also known as Xpo1 or Crm1. This protein is usually known for transporting materials out of the nucleus in cells, but it also appears to help in the process of gene transcription. Gene transcription is when RNA is created from DNA to express genes. Exportin-1 connects transcription factors to the nuclear pore complex, which allows molecules to move into and out of the nucleus. By linking transcription factors to these nuclear pore proteins, Exportin-1 can help move genes closer to the edge of the nucleus. This positioning can lead to stronger gene expression. Jason Brickner, a professor in Molecular Biosciences, led the study. He noted that Exportin-1 is often found in high levels in various cancers and leukemia. This finding may explain how the protein contributes to cancer growth by promoting gene expression linked to cell division. The research team used various advanced techniques to explore Exportin-1's function in budding yeast. This organism is a good model for studying eukaryotic cells, which include all plants, animals, and fungi. Their findings were published on March 20 in the journal Molecular Cell. The study suggests that targeting Exportin-1’s role in gene expression could improve cancer treatments. Current therapies that inhibit Exportin-1 can be harmful because they block all nuclear exports, which are crucial for cell health. The researchers aim to learn more about how Exportin-1 interacts with transcription factors and whether these findings apply to other species. The study was funded by multiple grants from the National Institutes of Health and a fellowship from the National Science Foundation.