European countries with mandatory or voluntary military service

Nine European NATO countries have mandatory military service, with others reintroducing or expanding voluntary service due to security concerns. Conscription exists in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden, and Turkey. Croatia plans to reintroduce it, while Belgium, the Netherlands, Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania are enhancing voluntary programs. Germany and France are also introducing or considering voluntary national service, with Germany potentially reinstating compulsory service if needed. Switzerland requires military or alternative service for men.