BNR advisor: Romania's corrupt system causes 30% VAT deficit

A BNR advisor claims Romania has a corrupt system, leading to a 30% VAT collection deficit. This deficit is significantly higher than neighboring countries, which collect over 90% of their VAT. The advisor cited fraudulent VAT refunds as evidence of systemic corruption. The standard VAT rate was increased to 21% in August 2025, with a reduced rate of 11% for certain goods and services.