Astronomers map 3D structure of WASP-121b's atmosphere for the first time

Astronomers have mapped the three-dimensional structure of the atmosphere of WASP-121b, an ultra-hot gas planet. This study reveals three distinct layers with different chemical compositions, unlike previous research that only identified atmospheric elements without mapping their vertical distribution. The bottom layer contains gaseous iron, while the middle layer features sodium and strong jet streams. The upper layer is characterized by hydrogen, with some escaping into space. This atmospheric structure challenges existing predictions about how exoplanet atmospheres behave. WASP-121b is located about 900 light-years from Earth and has extreme temperatures due to its close orbit around a larger, hotter star. Future observations may focus on smaller, cooler planets that could support life.